Dung beetles are secondary seed dispersers. incidentally moving many of the seeds defecated by mammals vertically (seed burial) and/or horizontally as they process and relocate dung. Although several studies have quantified this ecological function of dung beetles. very few have followed seed fate until seedling establishment. https://www.markymarkscott.com/product-category/color-protect-shampoo/
Horizontal seed dispersal by dung beetles reduced seed and seedling clumping, but did not increase short-term seedling establishment.
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