Introduction For over the past two decades. Iran has experienced a total fertility rate below the replacement level (Alimoradian et al. 2023) with the ideal number of children hovering around 2. 5 (Razeghi Nasrabad & Abbasi-Shavazi. https://www.bekindtopets.com/mega-pick-Silbrade-Braid-Reinforced-Silicone-Tubing-1-4-ID-x-520-OD-x-1-hot-grab/